It's full name is Proteyshiy Sputnik-1 or Elementary Satellite 1.
Sputnik 1 was the 1st artifical earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low earth orbit on 4th October 1957, orbiting for three weeks before it's batteries died, then after two months it fall back into the atmosphere.
It was a 58 cm ( 23 in) diameter metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. The launch of this satellite causes the Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race. The launch was the beginning of a new era of political, military, technology and scientific development.
Mission type: Technology Demonstration
Operator: OKB-1 (RSC Energia)
Manufacturer: OKB-1
Launch mass: 83.6 kg
Launch date: 4th October 1957
Rocket: Sputnik 8K71PS
Launch site: Baikonur 1/5
Mission duration: 21 days
Refence system: Geocentric
Regime: Low Earth Orbit
Semi-major axis: 6,955 km
Perigee altitude: 215 km
Apogee altitude: 934 km
Period: 96.2 minutes
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